2.2 Reliability
2.3 Methods of Estimating Reliability
2.3.1 External Consistency Procedures
2.3.1.1 Test Re-tests Reliability
2.3.1.2 Parallel forms Reliability
2.3.2 Internal Consistency Procedures
2.3.2.1 Split Half Reliability
2.3.2.2 Kudar-Richardson Estimate of Reliability
2.3.2.3 Cronbach’s Alfa (α)
2.4 Comparison of Reliability Estimators
2.5 Validity
2.6 Types of Validity
2.6.1 Content Validity
2.6.2 Criterion Related Validity
2.6.2.1 Concurrent Validity
2.6.2.2 Predictive Validity
2.6.3 Construct Validity
2.6.3.1 Convergent Validity
2.6.3.2 Discriminant Validity
2.6.4 Face Validity
2.6.5 Internal Validity
2.6.5.1 Threats to Internal Validity
2.6.6 External Validity
2.6.6.1 Threats to External Validity

1. Discuss the steps involved in research process. 2. Explain the different types of sampling methods. 3. Discuss the types, advantages and disadvantages of Quasi Experimental research design.

4. Explain the threats to internal and external validity 5. Describe the types of Variables. 6. Discuss the concept and steps of evaluating Data in Qualitative research. 7. Discuss the concept and implications of Critical Discourse Analysis. 8. Explain the steps, types and relevance of Grounded Theory.

9. Types of Hypotheses. 10. Objectivity Safeguards. 11. Ways of Case study. 12. Similarities between Causal Comparative and Correlational research design. 13. Types of Interaction. 14. Objectives of Research Design. 15. Issues of Survey research. 16. Types of Ethnographic research. 17. Ethical Guidelines in Qualitative research. 18. Phenomenology.